Malcolm X An Emotional Breakdown - 851 Words

Malcolm X was born Malcolm Little. He was born May 19, 1925 in Omaha, Nebraska. His parents were Louis Norton Little and Earl Little. His parents had eight children. His mother was a homemaker and his father was an outspoken Baptist leader. His father’s civil rights activism got him sent death threats from the Black Legion. This made his family relocate twice before his fourth birthday. In 1929, his home in Lansing, Michigan was burned. In 1931, when Malcolm was only six years old, his father’s body was found lying across the town’s train tracks. Several years after, Malcolm’s mother had an emotional breakdown. She was sent to a mental institution, making the children be split up into foster homes and orphanages. In 1946, he and his friend Malcolm Jarvis got arrested and charged for burglary charges. He was sentenced ten years in prison, but he was let out on parole after seven years. Later, he was in a period of self-enlightenment. His brother, Reginald, often visited him. When he visited, they would talk about Muslim religion. His brother belonged to the Nation of Islam. Malcolm had begun to study the teachings of the leader, Elijah Muhammad. By the time he was paroled, he was a devoted follower of the NOI. He changed his last name to â€Å"X’, because â€Å"Little† was a slave name, and â€Å"X† would represent his lost tribal name. X was made a minister and national spokesman for the NOI. He was also charged with establishing new mosques in Detroit and Harlem. He used paper columns,Show MoreRelatedQuitting Was Not An Option For Malcolm X918 Words   |  4 Pages Quitting was not an option for Malcolm X. Throughout his problematic life, Malcolm had to deal with so many obstacles in his way of success. He faced orphanage at an early age due to his father’s death and mother’s insanity, got caught up in criminal activity and even went to prison because of his actions. When he believed he found his calling in the religious group, the Nation of Islam, he was eventually betrayed by it’s leader, Elijah Muhammad, and was absolutely broken. Anyone in hisRead MoreMalcolm Xs Life and Accomplishments628 Words   |  3 PagesMalcolm X, Born name Malcolm Little, was born in Omaha, Nebraska on May 19, 1925. His mother was Louise Norton, which had eight children including Malcolm. His fatherâ€⠄¢s name was Earl Little, who was a Baptist preacher and strong supporter of the Black Nationalist leader Marcus Garvey. Before Malcolm’s fourth birthday, the family was forced twice to relocate due to death threats from the white supremacist organization, Black Legion. Despite their efforts to get away from them in 1929, the Legion burnedRead MoreEssay on The Civil Rights Movement: Malcolm X1135 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferent than King’s protests, he did his part and help with equality. This man was Malcolm Little, more famously known as Malcolm X. After a rough upbringing, Malcolm X led protests that differed which ended with his assassination. His protesting didn’t start when the Civil Rights Movement started; it started with his rough childhood. He was born on May 19, 1925 in Omaha, Nebraska. He was born with the name Malcolm Little. His mother was Louise Norton Little. She was a homemaker occupied with theRead MoreMalcolm X : A Man Who Changed American History1453 Words   |  6 Pages Malcolm X The Autobiography of Malcolm X as told by Alex Haley is the story about a man who greatly impacted American history. Malcolm Little, or Malcolm X as he is more widely known, taught what he believed in regards to segregation, racism, and discrimination. Growing up in a large family with a father Earl Little, a Baptist minister, and his mother Louis Little who was a homemaker, Malcolm’s life at the time seemed very promising. His father’s involvement in support of the BlackRead MoreThe Autobiography Of Malcolm X As Told By Alex Haley1442 Words   |  6 PagesThe Autobiography of Malcolm X as told by Alex Haley is the story about a man who greatly impacted American history. Malcolm Little, or Malcolm X as he is more widely known, taught what he believed in regards to segregation, racism, and discrimination. Growing up in a large family with a father Earl Little, a Baptist minister, and his mother Louis Little, who was a homemaker, Malcolm’s life at the time seemed very promising. His father’s involvement in support of the Black National gained him manyRead MoreMalcolm X : All These Things1073 Words   |  5 PagesHicken B8 Malcolm X Minister, political activist, author, ex-convict, self-made man. . . Malcolm X was all these things. Although his ideology was often divisive, no one could deny that he was a central figure of the African-American civil rights movement of the 1960s. From his troubled youth to his religious conversions to his assassination at the age of 39, Malcolm X’s story was often dramatic and always compelling. He was a complex and charismatic figure, and his influence lives on. Malcolm X wasRead MoreDr. Ben Carson As A Leader Of A Nation1638 Words   |  7 Pagesthe United States’ presidential election in 2016. Despite this, some question his ability to lead a nation, considering his lack of political background. Indeed, Carson currently faces issues similar to past leaders in the black community, such as Malcolm X, whose leadership was questioned as they lacked traditional experience. A large part of Carson’s public image is best summed up in his announcement, â€Å"I am not a politician. I don t want to be a politician† (bio). He proclaims, â€Å"Politicians do whatRead MoreThe Beliefs of Martin Luther King Jr. versus Malcolm X Essay1208 Words   |  5 PagesLuther King Jr. versus Malcolm X â€Å"I have a dream, that one day little black boys and black girls will join hands with little white boys and white girls and walk together as sister and brother.† (de Kay 75)†¦Martin Luther King Jr. During the past century, the United States of America has wresled with the problem of inequality between black and white people. Two influential people who helped to combat racism and the inequality of man were Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X. Martin Luther KingRead MoreEssay on Malcolm X1967 Words   |  8 PagesMalcolm X In the course of human history there will always be change. In order to bring about that change there must be something that is so controversial that it can break people away from the normal routine they have been accustomed to. Few people can raise the amount of attention needed to fuel that controversy. Malcolm X was one of those few that would die trying to achieve that attention. Earl Little was a black Baptist minister and an avid civil rights activist. On May 19, 1925 in OmahaRead MoreMalcolm X And The Civil Rights Era1852 Words   |  8 PagesDuring a very significant time period of American History, many leaders, particularly Malcolm X, rose to prominence during the Civil Rights era. The mid 1900’s was a time of racial segregation, and discrimination leading to a worldwide issue between the black and white races. â€Å"By any means necessary†, a famous quote breeds from this time of racial discrimination which brought together thousands of people to get what th ey as humans deserved. 100 years after the Emancipation Proclamation, African Americans

Entrepreneurial Marketing at Shields Environmental Plc Coursework

Essays on Entrepreneurial Marketing at Shields Environmental Plc Coursework The paper "Entrepreneurial Marketing at Shields Environmental Plc" is a brilliant example of coursework on marketing. Starting and running an entrepreneurship requires acute business management skills. Form being able to notice an opportunity and assembling all the requirements needed to start a business. In most cases, individuals other than existing enterprises have been responsible for handling most entrepreneurial. Gordon Shields, founder of Shields Environmental has steered the company from humble beginnings to glory in a short period. The company has been listed as one of the best performing and creative entrepreneurs and has received monumental recognition in environmental conservation. In fact, it was awarded a platinum level for environmental excellence in 2008. Again the company’s Environmental Management System is certified to ISO 14001 (in 1995) and registered with the European eco-management and audit scheme (EMAS).Entrepreneurial marketingThe company was started by the current chairman, Gordon Shields in 1979. The company is involved in helping other companies in the telecommunication industry to recycle and reuse with maximum financial and environmental efficiency. The company prides itself on selling end to end products and services for enhanced environmental management. The company has a number of services that they offer chief among them financial and environmental reporting, buying of assets, import and export handling, deinstallation and logistics, inventory evaluation, etc. At the moment, the company has its head offices at Kerry Avenue, South Ockendon in the UK with others in the US, France and the Czech Republic. The company’s growth is spurred by the increased need to utilize resources efficiently and conserve the environment. The company’s vice president, Toni Gibbs says that the company’s growth is based on its ability to provide more than one service/product and also laying emphasis on quality other than pr ice. She says that the old adage of â€Å"the best price takes it† no longer applies in the modern business environment. She says that end users are more aware of the quality and depth of service involved. In this light, the company has been progressing at a time when the global economy is hurting and having the same effect on small and big businesses.Shields Environmental qualifies as an entrepreneurial going by the definition given by various authors on the criteria of entrepreneurial and small businesses. In general, a business qualifies as an entrepreneurial if the initial financing of the business is supplied by one individual, operations of the business are geographically limited to a small area and that comparison with existing businesses shows that the business is small. However, it should be noted that businesses are usually set up for growth and expansion. As such, the definition of entrepreneurship that applies to a single business or firm may tend to vary.

Security and Privacy Issues Related to VoIP and Skype

Question: Describe the Report for Security and Privacy Issues Related to VoIP and Skype. Answer: Introduction The VoIP is a technology that helps users to make a voice call over the public internet instead of using the PSTN (Public Switched telephone network). Day by day the use of VoIP is getting increased due to its low cost and flexibility. Today it is observed that MNC companies are conducting their hiring process (interview) over the Skype video conferencing. For privacy and security reasons people often ask for anonymity of their conversation. That is no other person than two people who are involved in the conversation, will have knowledge about the conversation (Habiba, Islam Amin, 2014). On the other hand different law enforcement agencies need to track these conversations in order to fight the crime and terrorism. This paper comprises discussion about the different security and privacy issues related to VoIP, different challenges and its impact on the real life. The technology used in the VoIP and impact of these technologies in real life is also discussed in this report. Challenges, problems, and relevant technologies In case of VoIP, this technology encrypts the voice or multimedia messages into data packets to transmit through private or public IP network (Matousek, Kmet Basel, 2014). This emerging technology is popular due to its flexibility and cost effectiveness than the traditional telephony. With all the benefits this deployment of VoIP technology faces several challenges that are acting like an obstacle in its user acceptance. According to Lazzez (2013), this challenge includes interoperability, complex architecture and security issues, etc. Since the computer IPs are mainly designed to transmit data, therefore it does not provide smooth flow of voice signal transmitted using Skype application. Interoperability: The compatibility between the different VoIP equipment manufactured by different vendors is a critical issue that affects the connectivity between the users at both the end. Complex architecture: In VoIP services, the complexity of the network and its architecture causes for extra overhead to the network administrator and service providers. Security issues: As the VoIP technology is still in its initial stages, therefore different security loop holes and vulnerabilities that are exploited by the intruders and hackers. There are two types of vulnerabilities which can be used by the hackers to exploit the security and privacy of the users. These two vulnerabilities can be categorized in to inherited vulnerability and users own vulnerability. Inherited vulnerability: These kinds of vulnerabilities are originated from the infrastructure of the network (Matousek, Kmet Basel, 2014). Like, network architecture, used operating system, etc. Like the use of the VoIP services within a wireless network can cause additional security concerns for the users. Users own vulnerability: These kind vulnerabilities include the security risks that are caused due to the use of chosen protocol, network devices (such as switches and routers). The attacks on VoIP applications include attack on the availability, confidentiality, and integrity of the services (Matousek, Kmet Basel, 2014). The attack against availability of service is about making interruption in the service, malicious messages, call hijacking, etc. several researches showed that there are some security flaws in Skype that are helpful for the hackers to steal the data of users chat and calling history. On the other hand attack on the confidentiality is targeted to capture users data, call pattern tracking, Eavesdropping media, credentials and other media by unauthorized means. For the attacks against integrity of the services is about intercepting the data or signaling other users data after intercepting it (Krawitz Howard, 2015) using the flaws of Skype and other VoIP applications. The attack on the integrity is carried out by the hackers to exploit and alter the intercepted data. This alteration includes injecting, deleting and replacing a certain amount of data in the intercepted data. The examples of attack on the integrity of data can be given by media injection, call black holing and VoIP call rerouting (Matousek, Kmet Basel, 2014). In the end, attack on the social context is about manipulating the social context of both the parties who are involved in the communication. In this type of attacks, the attacker misinterprets themselves as a trusted entity to the other party to convey wrong information on a specific issue. The VoIP services use the P2P (Peer to Peer) model rather than client server model to provide the services to the users (Matousek, Kmet Basel, 2014). The Skype application too uses the P2P architecture to provide better user experience. Even though the client server architecture model is popular model to implement an application that is based on distributed computing concept but in case of VoIP services the P2P model is suggested to maintain the quality of the services. 2. Application of different supportive technologies Basically, for VoIP services, two main technologies are required. These are internet and signaling protocols (Krawitz Howard, 2015). The signaling protocols that are used in VoIP services are H.23 and SIP (Session initiation protocol). The above mentioned protocols are mainly responsible for setting up a communication route between the senders and receivers IP address. In addition to this, a piece of software named "CODEC" is also used to convert the analog audio sound into digital signals in Skype (Habiba, Islam Amin, 2014). Once the voice (analog data) is converted into digital data, then it becomes relatively easy to convert them into data packets which are to be transmitted through the internet In order to send data over the internet, VoIP uses RTP (real time protocol). It is the same protocol that is used by the computers to receive streaming media at real time. Diagram 1: The process of establishing connection between two peers using Skype (Source: Matousek, Kmet Basel, 2014, pp-65) Vague areas in the Research paper In the selected articles, only the possible vulnerabilities and the solutions are discussed in using the client server network model. There are several issues that are not addressed by the authors adequately. One of them is use of client model instead of P2P model. Use of Client server model instead of P2P model: Whereas the according to the different criticisms the P2P (Peer to peer) architecture is best for the VoIP technologies (Yang, Dantu Wijesekera, 2012). It is the best choice due to the resistance against the single point failure (Habiba, Islam Amin, 2014). This is possible as this model treats each and every component as single and equal component. Therefore it can be said that, in the article, there is no justification for the selection of the client server architecture for the implementation of the VoIP services (Krawitz Howard, 2015). In addition to this, the process of converting the analog voice signal to the digital signal is also not described in detail for the reader. Research Questions Q1. What are the important uses of VoIP and Skype? Q2.What are the challenges faced by the users regarding privacy and security issues with the use of VoIP and Skype? Q3. What are the different measures that can be used by the users to minimize the security and privacy issues? Q4. What are the possible adverse effects of the privacy and security risks if they are not addressed properly? Accuracy of the information in the considered research paper The information given in the article is accurate and sufficient about the VoIP technology using the client server architecture. As an example, it described the VoIP architecture in the client server network model (Abdulhamid et al., 2014). The article clearly describes the way of in which the VoIP services (like Skype) relies on the set of connected central servers usually known as gatekeepers. The article also clearly describes the use of the media transport protocol, RTP (Real time Transport Protocol) and SRTP (Secure real time transport protocol) for the data packet transmission Furthermore, the selected paper also described different attacks on the VoIP services, like attack on the availability of the services to its users (Krawitz Howard, 2015). This kind of attacks is carried in the form of DoS (denial of services). General tools that are used by the attackers to affect the users privacy and security of users credentials are malformed messages, call flooding, spoofed messages, impersonating servers in the architecture, etc. The eavesdropping, call pattern tracking and data mining processes are described. For Eaves dropping, one of the network devices is compromised by the hacker or attacker to reroute the target media to the attackers device who are using Skype application. Call pattern tracking is used by the hackers to find a potential target device inside a targeted network (Habiba, Islam Amin, 2014). Issues not addressed adequately in the research paper While analyzing the research papers, it is observed that the papers have not addressed some issue related to the service of the VoIP and Skype. Some of them are discussed below. Reliability issues: The selected report had not addressed the reliability of VoIP services. The quality and confidentiality of the communication are dependent on the different security measures that are adopted by the service providers. Security and stability related issues: On the other hand, the stability of the VoIP calls is dependent on the availability of the internet connection (Abdulhamid et al., 2014). In addition to this, the security related to the VoIP calls is also important which is not addressed in proper manner. As an example it can be said, the VoIP services and other features are provided by Skype voice services, but it stores the call transcripts into a massive database which can be exposed in public domain if any hacker, third party, and government get access to this database. QoS related issues: Moreover, the latency in the data transmission is also not discussed in the report. The latency in the data transmission can be a reason behind the low quality service. This latency can result from three reasons, Propagation delay. Queuing delay. Handling delays in the network. Diagram 2: Latency in the VoIP services (Source: Krawitz Howard, 2015, pp-25) Importance and impact of the detected issues in real world The issues that are not addressed in the paper like latency in the data packet transmission, or the issue of reliability have a huge impact on the quality of the services as well as on the security and confidentiality of user data (Habiba, Islam Amin, 2014). Effect of QoS related issues: The latency in the transmission of data packets gives much more time to the hackers or intruders in the network to intercept the data packets reroute the connection to the hackers device. If a user is communicating with someone through Skype then, this latency in the data packet transmission causes echo of senders voice at the receivers end. Effect of stability related issues: In addition to this stability of the connection also has a huge impact on the VoIP services quality. For VoIP application like Skype it is observed that, with weak internet connections the stability and quality of the voice calls are degraded. Lessons learned from the discussions By analyzing the different advantages and drawbacks of the VoIP services it can be stated that, quality of the service. In order to maintain a better quality of the services, it is important to use servers (like "ASTERISK") which are capable of handling the complex dial plans, voice, video and text codecs. Use of these servers can be helpful in reducing the time which is required for a data packet to cross a network connection and the time a data packet or frame is held by network device before forwarding to the next node (Abdulhamid et al., 2014). Using this server the quality of the service that is degraded due to the packet delay, echo in the data transmission, data packet loss, distortion of the data packets can be avoided. Conclusion In the above sections of the report, we discussed about the different factors that are important to mitigate the different risks and privacy issues involved in the VoIP services. As this technology is still in its initial stages, hence there is scope to improve the quality of the services and privacy of the users who are using the Skype like applications for VoIP services. The assurance of the low latency, high-security measures, high availability and reliability of the service will attract the users to use these services. It is important since, the latency in the transmission of data packets gives much more time to the hackers or intruders in the network to intercept the data packets reroute the connection to the hacker's device. In addition to this, it is the responsibility of the different service providers to monitor the users that, they are not using these services for unethical means and criminal intentions which can affect and breach the privacy of any other user. References Abdulhamid, S. M., Ahmad, S., Waziri, V. O., Jibril, F. N. (2014). Privacy and national security issues in social networks: The challenges.arXiv preprint arXiv:1402.3301. Good, D. W., Lui, D. F., Leonard, M., Morris, S., McElwain, J. P. (2012). Skype: a tool for functional assessment in orthopaedic research.Journal of telemedicine and telecare,18(2), 94-98. Greenwald, G., MacAskill, E., Poitras, L., Ackerman, S., Rushe, D. (2013). Microsoft handed the NSA access to encrypted messages.The Guardian,12. Habiba, U., Islam, M. I., Amin, M. R. (2014). Performance Evaluation of the VoIP Services of the Cognitive Radio System, Based on DTMC.JIPS,10(1), 119-131. Hiew, Y. L. L., Tan, B. H. (2015). Comparing asynchronous and synchronous interaction using online technology.Pertanika Journal of Scholarly Research Reviews,1(1), 40-49. Karthikeyan, S., Manikandan, G., Nishanth, T., Abraar, S. (2015). A New Distributed Application and Network Layer Protocol for VoIP in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks. Krawitz, M., Howard, J. (2015). Should Australian courts give more witnesses the right to Skype?.Journal of Judicial Administration,25. Lazzez, A. (2013). VoIP Technology: Security Issues Analysis.arXiv preprint arXiv:1312.2225. Leu, J. S., Lin, W. H., Hsieh, W. B., Lo, C. C. (2014). Design and implementation of a VoIP broadcasting service over embedded systems in a heterogeneous network environment.The Scientific World Journal,2014. Matousek, P., Kmet, M., Basel, M. (2014). On-line monitoring of VoIP quality using IPFIX.Advances in Electrical and Electronic Engineering,12(4), 325. Miraz, M. H., Ganie, M. A., Ali, M., Molvi, S. A., Hussein, A. H. (2015). Performance evaluation of VoIP QoS parameters using WiFi-UMTS networks. InTransactions on engineering technologies(pp. 547-561). Springer Netherlands. Mosier, J., Joseph, B., Sakles, J. C. (2013). Telebation: Next-generation telemedicine in remote airway management using current wireless technologies.TELEMEDICINE and e-HEALTH,19(2), 95-98. Patinge, S. A., Soni, P. D. (2013). Metamorphosis in VOIP Cloud Computing services used in VOIP.International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering and Management,3(2), 236-239. Rehman, U. U., Abbasi, A. G. (2014, December). Security analysis of VoIP architecture for identifying SIP vulnerabilities. InEmerging Technologies (ICET), 2014 International Conference on(pp. 87-93). IEEE. Sadiwala, R., Saxena, M. (2015). Performance Evaluation of Next Generation Networks using OPNET Simulator.Performance Evaluation,2(4). Yang, X., Dantu, R., Wijesekera, D. (2012). Security Issues in VoIP Telecommunication Networks.Handbook on Securing Cyber-Physical Critical Infrastructure: Foundations and Challenges, 763-789.

The Pardoner And The Brothers Essays - The Canterbury Tales

The Pardoner and The "Brothers" Throughout literature, relationships can often be found between the author of a story and the story that he writes. In Geoffrey Chaucer's frame story, Canterbury Tales, many of the characters make this idea evident with the tales that they tell. A distinct relationship can be made between the character of the Pardoner and the tale that he tells. Through the Prologue to the Pardoner's tale, the character of the Pardoner is revealed. Although the Pardoner displays many important traits, the most prevalent is his greed. Throughout the prologue, the Pardoner displays his greed and even admits that the only thing he cares about is money: "I preach nothing except for gain" ("Pardoner's Tale", Line 105). This avarice is seen strongly in the Pardoner's tale as well. In the Pardoner's tale, three friends begin a journey in order to murder Death. On their journey, though, an old man leads them to a great deal of treasure. At this point, all three of the friends in the tale display a greed similar to the Pardoner's. The three friends decide that someone should bring bread and wine for a celebration. As the youngest of the friends leaves to go buy wine, the other two greedily plot to kill him so they can split the treasure only two ways. Even the youngest decides to "put it in his mind to buy poison / With which he might kill his two companions" (383, 384). The greed, which is evident in the character of the Pardoner, is also clearly seen in the tale. Another trait that is displayed by the Pardoner and a character in his tale is hypocrisy. Although the Pardoner is extremely greedy, he continues to try and teach that "Avarice is the root of all evil" (6). The characters in his tale display great hypocrisy as well. As the tale begins, the friends all act very trustworthy and faithful towards all of their friends. They nobly make a decision to risk their lives while trying to slay their friend's murderer. As they talk about their challenge, they pledge "to live and die each of them for the other, / As if he were his own blood brother" (241-242). At the end of the tale, the "brothers" begin to reveal their true nature. They all turn on each other in an attempt to steal the treasure for themselves. All of the loyalty, which they had pledged, was simply a lie and no faithfulness remained. While the two older "brother" plotted to kill the younger, the younger "brother" plotted "to kill them both and never to repent" (388). Thus, these so-called faithful "brothers" display their true ruthlessness and reveal their hypocrisy in relation to the Pardoner's character. The characters in the "Pardoner's Tale" match the unctuous nature of the Pardoner in a great deal of ways. All of these traits and ideas that are seen in both the Pardoner and the tale that he tells show a strong relationship in the two. Chaucer used this technique in all of the tales that are recorded in Canterbury Tales. This technique gives a greater insight into the mind of the teller. By analyzing the tales, it is possible to learn much about the teller of the tale. Using this method, Chaucer focuses on the characteristics of each of the people involved in Canterbury Tales, but also keeps the poem interesting.